THE BIG FLOOD OF 1868
We are very close to one year of the tragedy caused by the floods of Norbert.
I been told that Alamos has not completely healed but is on MUCH better shape and most likely the full healing process will take some years but the hope and can do spirit is all over the place and things are now looked at with a more positive light.
I remember that some of you sent some emails asking about the different time when Alamos suffered floods and similar natural disasters; in the heat of the moment I wrote on one of the postings an erroneous date, it is at minimum that I correct that date.
The correct date for the biggest flood Alamos has ever seen is October 17 and 18, 1868.
As some of you know by email exchange directly with me, one of my hobbies is history and one of my favorite topics is Alamos history, I particularly find a lot of satisfaction proving or disproving certain stories that sound some times quite incredible, but hey that has been part of the Magic of Alamos!
So back to the big flood of 1868, I will say that in registered history Alamos has never seen bigger flood than this one.
Before I start the small narration let me say that the bases for this are two books and narrative from a couple of my ancestors on my mother side that were kids and witnessed this flood.
The books for your reference are: “Alamos de Sonora” and “Alamos en la Época de la Reforma e Imperio”, both are in Spanish and most likely out of print.
When I found out about the correct date through several friends that are practically experts on Alamos history (they have asked me to keep them anonymous) they gave me the previous references for the date and one of them even wrote on a Spanish Language Blog a great synthesis that I am practically translating here to English.
The rain started on the night of the 17th of October and it did not stop until the 18th in the morning. With the rain a gigantic flood came from the mountains destroying the levee of the Chalatón wash. The washes of “la Aduana” and “Agua Escondida” overflowed and merged amplifying the already powerful effect of the rushing water and debris carried.
The people that survived recalleded that around 11:00 PM on the 17th they heard a strong noise “like when a damn wall breaks” and immediately after that the Flash Flood started to pour over Alamos, it had moved from the mountains and it was now directly over the town.
Many Houses were destroyed even a brand new house filled with fine furniture imported from Europe that belonged to Martín Salido who was the diputado (Federal Representative) of Sonora at the time; this house was located where today’s “Súper Titos” on one side of the Alameda.
During the night of the 17 and the morning of the 18 the Military Forces under the command of “Don Ángel Martínez” tried to help as much people as they could by throwing thick ropes to the water, those who were lucky and had the strength to hold the ropes and avoid the debris were rescued, but many more were not as lucky.
All the stores were completely destroyed, some of the witnesses recall that rolls of fabric were pushed by the current and the fabric would get tangled on trees and fallen walls.
During the ordeal the people that could move ran to the hill of “Doña Sabina” (Today known as cerro del Perico), they also ran towards the church, the Guadalupe hill and the crucecitas . Others in the downtown of Alamos found refugee with the owners of the houses that surround the church and other high areas.
On the morning of the 18 when the rain stopped you could only see people “running like chickens” looking for their loved ones, unfortunately in the most cases to find them dead.
The “barrios” of “Macochín”, “Tacubaya”, “del Perico”, “La Capilla”, “Hacienda Vieja” and “Churubusco” were literally flatten down to the ground (or like some people said, below ground)
According to the accounts written on the previously mentioned books nothing was left from the building that today houses the museum and beyond the Aduana wash.
The known number of human casualties was 50, many for the time (or any time).
Before starting the reconstruction after what was considered (and still is) the greatest documented natural disaster of Alamos the first thing the locals did was to rebuild and make sure that the Chalaton dike (or levee) was bigger and stronger, based on pictures that I have seen, the dike is still there even after Norbert. They also made sure to construct a higher dike (levee or wall) than the one that was before by the Aduana Wash, today you can see it behind the TBC buss station, and it is actually the foundation of many of today’s buildings on that side of the Alameda. So thanks to this big levee is that on the storms of later years Alamos was not devastated: 1947 and 1976 (Lisa Hurricane).
On 1868 the Mexican federal government was practically bankrupted and the only thing they could do to help Alamos was to exempt the whole Alamos population from paying any taxes for that year.
After reading this history I started thinking to myself, what happened with Norbert? Why if the people of 1868 had built these huge protections for the Alamos water ways?
The answer came from a friend that has some documentation on how Alamos was built and it is a combination of two things (actually three, but I will leave this for the end of this posting)
1. What today is “Calle Morelos” was known at the beginning of the 1900’s as “Calle de la industria” and previously was the riverbed of the seasonal river known as la Aduana! So yes the first settlers of Alamos decided to reroute the wash of la Aduana, if you see the contour of the previously mentioned dike (or levee) on google maps (
http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Alamos+Sonora+Mexico&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=45.553578,79.013672&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=%C3%81lamos,+Sonora,+Mexico&ll=27.023874,-108.935527&spn=0.006289,0.009645&t=h&z=17) you will observe clearly that the wash was moved to a side surrounding part of Alamos, mainly by the north.
2. With Time certain things and the dike have been eliminated from some areas, the latest was to favor the construction of a house so trucks could go with materials and also to allow an easier pass to the owner (and the water).
So as I am sure you by now are concluding the same thing I did:
Of course the Aduana wash will reclaim its old path when ever it can, especially since the protections to change its path have been weakened!
It may happen every 100 to 200 years? I really don’t know.
Honestly Norbert would of never caused the disaster that it did if the levee had been all in one piece like it still was back in the 1970’s, when the Lisa Storm passed through Alamos, which was MUCH stronger then Norbert (cat 4 and it came in as 5).
I have seen two pictures of the disaster in 1868, one of them at a private house of a friend of my father many years ago; you could see how the water got to the plaza in front of the church. The second one is in the museum of Alamos, I believe it was loaned to the museum so I am not sure if its still there, on that one you could see the sand mounds left and how nothing was left after the storm.
Before I close this brief historical post I will talk of the third point which is actually a personal conclusion:
3. George Santayana said that “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”. Hard to admit it but all those that have built by the “Aduana” wash and tore down parts of the dike basically did not ask or just did not stop to think: Why is that stone dike there? Is old and it must be there for some reason, what is it? Well the answer came on the form of flush flood and a deadly one. I think is clear what has to be done and repair the damage done to the dike or history will repeat itself sooner than we all may think. Meanwhile my advise to all my friends is to build on the high areas of Alamos.
Lastly I got to say that what I have written here took me a while to research and I got to thank my friends that helped in three places (they wish to remain anonymous) Alamos, Navojoa and Spain. You all know who you are and once again thanks!
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